General Motors, for instance, equips all its vehicles with connectivity, which it then makes use of to collect data for the important first six months of on-road operation, so it could analyse the car’s high quality and parameters, he says. From this data, the company can decide what works nicely in the mannequin and what doesn’t.

In the mid-l950s Toyota, Nissan, GM, Ford, and Chrysler all had comparatively low turnover charges (total inventories divided into sales). In 1950, Toyota turned over its stock merely three times, and in 1955 merely eight times — worse than U.S. corporations. Only with better …